I have also wondered why we use the ansible password to encrypt the vault file.
I'm guessing the reason was that you need both frequently at the start of an installation, and this made it more convenient? I'm not certain.
"ansible_sudo_pass" does need to be in the vault file. But the vault file can be encrypted with a different password. It is the vault file's password that must be stored securely, because if you lose that password you will no longer be able to decrypt the encrypted storage, and that would be Very Very Bad.
Excellent, thanks for confirming Norman, I just happened to notice it while setting up a temporary dev server this week. I've probably overlooked it before because I've generated my own installation documentation over time, but ran into some gotchas that made me go back to the original online docs. Not being a fan of reusing passwords, I'll keep them independent.